Journal of the Text-Encoding Initiative Article Schema
Schema and guidelines for encoding an article for the journal

5. Inline Rhetorical Elements

The jTEI schema prompts you to encode information as much as possible with conceptual tags. Therefore, the general-purpose hi tag has been removed from the jTEI schema. Instead, you should use more semantically expressive elements for identifying the rhetorical phenomenon you want to encode. If you want to stress a word in a sentence, you can do so with the emph element, which is rendered as italicized text. Foreign terms can be tagged with foreign, with a proper language identification code for the xml:lang attribute. Technical terms, or terms in general, can be encoded with term, and appear as italicized text in the rendered article.

<p>
 <term>Interoperability</term> may be defined as the property of data that allows
it to be loaded <emph>unmodified</emph> and fully used in a <emph>variety</emph>
of software applications. <term>Interchange</term> is basically the same property
that applies after a preliminary conversion of the data (<ref type="bibl" target="#bauman11">Bauman
   2011</ref>; <ref type="bibl" target="#unsworth11">Unsworth 2011</ref>), and
implies some loss of information in the process. Interchange can thus be seen as
an easier, less stringent or less useful kind of information exchange than pure interoperability.
</p>
<p>Unicode is a <emph>character</emph> encoding standard, and is not intended to
standardize ligatures or other presentation forms
(<ref type="bibl" xml:id="quoteref16"
  target="#unicode14">Unicode 2014</ref>).
For example, there is no Unicode character for old Latin <foreign xml:lang="la">sescuncia</foreign>
(like a pound-sign, = one eighth), since it can be composed from <foreign xml:lang="la">semuncia</foreign>
(character 10192) and an EN-dash (<ref type="bibl" target="#unicode06">Unicode 2006, 4</ref>)</p>

Another category of inline rhetorical elements are those that are used for text that is somehow quoted. When a word is ‘mentioned’ to illustrate its form or usage, without its actual meaning, it should be encoded as mentioned. At rendering time, it will be displayed in italics. When you use a word while at the same time distancing yourself from it, you should encode it with soCalled. At rendering time, the start and end tag will be replaced with double quotation marks. Finally, if you want to quote a word or passage without attributing it to an external source, you can use the q element. Such ‘anonymous’ quotations are rendered in double quotation marks.

Note:

The actual form of the quotation marks depends on the ‘nesting level’ of quotation marks, so that double and single quotation marks alternate when they nest. For example, if a word tagged as soCalled appears inside a q element, then the quoted text will be wrapped in double quotation marks, while the text inside soCalled will be rendered with single quotation marks.

<p>The standard definition of metadata as <q>data about data</q> seems to pose more
questions than it answers.</p>
<p>There are possible ways (<soCalled>hacks</soCalled>) around some of these problems
even without rewriting the software, and some software is open source. For example,
some software may permit dates in the <emph>future</emph>, in which case a project
might record eighteenth-century dates using values from the twenty-eighth century.
Pounds, shillings, and pence could be converted to a modern standard unit (for
example, US dollars; <ref target="http://www.measuringworth.com/">Measuring Worth</ref>
provides calculators for determining values in some historical currencies). A
project could consistently use the <mentioned>comments</mentioned>, <mentioned>memo</mentioned>,
or <mentioned>notes</mentioned> field to record pointers into the attesting document.</p>

If you mention titles in paragraph text, you should encode them as such, with the title element and a proper type for the level attribute. Titles of journals (level="j" for level) and monographs (m) are rendered in italics. Titles of book chapters or journal articles (a), or unpublished materials (u) are enclosed in quotation marks at rendering time (so you mustn't provide them yourself).


TEI Guidelines Originally generated on 2014-01-30T13:29:15Z using oddbyexample.xsl. Progressively modified after that.. This page generated on 2015-04-06T13:16:09Z.