indicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed. provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind. (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs. gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement. gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed. specifies the degree of statistical confidence (between zero and one) that a value falls within the range specified by min and max, or the proportion of observed values that fall within that range. names the unit used for the measurement Suggested values include: 1] cm; 2] mm; 3] in; 4] lines; 5] chars (centimetres) (millimetres) (inches) lines of text (characters) characters of text specifies the length in the units specified indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words. characterizes the precision of the values specified by the other attributes. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement. Sample values include: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range indicates whether or not the element bearing this attribute should be considered to mark the end of an orthographic token in the same way as whitespace. (canonical reference) specifies the destination of the pointer by supplying a canonical reference expressed using the scheme defined in a refsDecl element in the TEI header supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the system or calendar to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs. supplies a pointer to some location defining a named period of time within which the datable item is understood to have occurred. indicates whether or not this element is selected by default when its parent is selected. This element is selected if its parent is selected This element can only be selected explicitly, unless it is the only one of its kind, in which case it is selected if its parent is selected. identifies one or more declarable elements within the header, which are understood to apply to the element bearing this attribute and its content. specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers. (yes) the element is fragmented in some (unspecified) respect (no) either the element is not fragmented, or no claim is made as to its completeness. (initial) this is the initial part of a fragmented element (medial) this is a medial part of a fragmented element (final) this is the final part of a fragmented element (organization) specifies how the content of the division is organized. no claim is made about the sequence in which the immediate contents of this division are to be processed, or their inter-relationships. the immediate contents of this element are regarded as forming a logical unit, to be processed in sequence. indicates whether this division is a sample of the original source and if so, from which part. division lacks material present at end in source. division lacks material at start and end. division lacks material at start. position of sampled material within original unknown. division is not a sample. describes the status of a document either currently or, when associated with a dated element, at the time indicated. Sample values include: 1] approved; 2] candidate; 3] cleared; 4] deprecated; 5] draft; 6] embargoed; 7] expired; 8] frozen; 9] galley; 10] proposed; 11] published; 12] recommendation; 13] submitted; 14] unfinished; 15] withdrawn (duration) indicates the length of this element in time. (duration) indicates the length of this element in time. (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation. (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber. indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Suggested values include: 1] internal; 2] external; 3] conjecture there is internal evidence to support the intervention. there is external evidence to support the intervention. the intervention or interpretation has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise. indicates whether this is an instant revision or not. (number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is not necessarily unique within the document. (rendition) indicates how the element in question was rendered or presented in the source text. contains an expression in some formal style definition language which defines the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text points to a description of the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text. gives a name or other identifier for the scribe believed to be responsible for this hand. points to a full description of the scribe concerned, typically supplied by a person element elsewhere in the description. characterizes the particular script or writing style used by this hand, for example secretary, copperplate, Chancery, Italian, etc. points to a full description of the script or writing style used by this hand, typically supplied by a scriptNote element elsewhere in the description. describes the tint or type of ink, e.g. brown, or other writing medium, e.g. pencil specifies how widely this hand is used in the manuscript. only this hand is used throughout the manuscript this hand is used through most of the manuscript this hand is used occasionally in the manuscript (MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type Where the media are displayed, indicates the display width Where the media are displayed, indicates the display height Where the media are displayed, indicates a scale factor to be applied when generating the desired display size (uniform resource locator) specifies the URL from which the media concerned may be obtained. indicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units. Suggested values include: 1] m; 2] kg; 3] s; 4] Hz; 5] Pa; 6] Ω; 7] L; 8] t; 9] ha; 10] Å; 11] mL; 12] cm; 13] dB; 14] kbit; 15] Kibit; 16] kB; 17] KiB; 18] MB; 19] MiB (metre) SI base unit of length (kilogram) SI base unit of mass (second) SI base unit of time (hertz) SI unit of frequency (pascal) SI unit of pressure or stress (ohm) SI unit of electric resistance (litre) 1 dm³ (tonne) 10³ kg (hectare) 1 hm² (ångström) 10⁻¹⁰ m (millilitre) (centimetre) (decibel) see remarks, below (kilobit) 10³ or 1000 bits (kibibit) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bits (kilobyte) 10³ or 1000 bytes (kibibyte) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bytes (megabyte) 10⁶ or 1 000 000 bytes (mebibyte) 2²⁰ or 1 048 576 bytes specifies the number of the specified units that comprise the measurement indicates the substance that is being measured may be used to specify further information about the entity referenced by this name, for example the occupation of a person, or the status of a place. (reference to the canonical name) provides a means of locating the canonical form (nym) of the names associated with the object named by the element bearing it. specifies where this item is placed Suggested values include: 1] below; 2] bottom; 3] margin; 4] top; 5] opposite; 6] overleaf; 7] above; 8] end; 9] inline; 10] inspace below the line at the foot of the page in the margin (left, right, or both) at the top of the page on the opposite, i.e. facing, page on the other side of the leaf above the line at the end of e.g. chapter or volume. within the body of the text. in a predefined space, for example left by an earlier scribe. characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed specifies the language of the content to be found at the destination referenced by target, using a language tag generated according to BCP 47. specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer. if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then the target of that pointer will be taken, and so on, until an element is found which is not a pointer. if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then its target (whether a pointer or not) is taken as the target of this pointer. no further evaluation of targets is carried out beyond that needed to find the element specified in the pointer's target. optionally specifies the identifiers of the elements within which all elements indicated by the contents of this element lie. (target function) describes the function of each of the values of the target attribute of the enclosed link, join, or alt tags. characterizes the function of the segment. supplies the sort key for this element in an index, list or group which contains it. (edition) supplies a sigil or other arbitrary identifier for the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line break) occurs at this point in the text. (edition reference) provides a pointer to the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line break) occurs at this point in the text. indicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute. identifies the language used to describe the rendition. Cascading Stylesheet Language Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects Informal free text description A user-defined rendition description language supplies a version number for the style language provided in scheme. indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element begins. indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element ends. indicates the hand of the agent which made the intervention. indicates the effect of the intervention, for example in the case of a deletion, strikeouts which include too much or too little text, or in the case of an addition, an insertion which duplicates some of the text already present. Sample values include: 1] duplicate; 2] duplicate-partial; 3] excessStart; 4] excessEnd; 5] shortStart; 6] shortEnd; 7] partial; 8] unremarkable documents the presumed cause for the intervention. repeated for the purpose of fixation repeated to clarify a previously illegible or badly written text or mark (sequence) assigns a sequence number related to the order in which the encoded features carrying this attribute are believed to have occurred. specifies the date on which the source text was extracted and sent to the translator identifies the unit of information conveyed by the element, e.g. columns, pages, volume. Suggested values include: 1] volume; 2] issue; 3] page; 4] line; 5] chapter; 6] part; 7] column the element contains a volume number. the element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers. the element contains a page number or page range. the element contains a line number or line range. the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title) the element identifies a part of a book or collection. the element identifies a column. specifies the starting point of the range of units indicated by the unit attribute. specifies the end-point of the range of units indicated by the unit attribute. provides a pointer to the bibliographical source from which a quotation or citation is drawn. indicates whether the name component is given in full, as an abbreviation or simply as an initial. the name component is spelled out in full. (abbreviated) the name component is given in an abbreviated form. (initial letter) the name component is indicated only by one initial. specifies the sort order of the name component in relation to others within the name. provides a conventional name for the kind of section changing at this milestone. Suggested values include: 1] page; 2] column; 3] line; 4] book; 5] poem; 6] canto; 7] speaker; 8] stanza; 9] act; 10] scene; 11] section; 12] absent; 13] unnumbered physical page breaks (synonymous with the pb element). column breaks. line breaks (synonymous with the lb element). any units termed book, liber, etc. individual poems in a collection. cantos or other major sections of a poem. changes of speaker or narrator. stanzas within a poem, book, or canto. acts within a play. scenes within a play or act. sections of any kind. passages not present in the reference edition. passages present in the text, but not to be included as part of the reference. (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose. [3.1. 7.2.5. ] (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. [3.3.2.1. ] (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect. [3.3.2.2. 3.3.2. ] (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. [3.3.2.2. 3.3.2. ] identifies any word or phrase which is regarded as linguistically distinct, for example as archaic, technical, dialectal, non-preferred, etc., or as forming part of a sublanguage. [3.3.2.3. ] specifies the sublanguage or register to which the word or phrase is being assigned specifies how the phrase is distinct diachronically specifies how the phrase is distinct diatopically specifies how the phrase is distinct diastatically (speech or thought) indicates passages thought or spoken aloud, whether explicitly indicated in the source or not, whether directly or indirectly reported, whether by real people or fictional characters. [3.3.3. ] may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as having been vocalized or signed. may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as direct or indirect speech. (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text. [3.3.3. 4.3.1. ] (quoted) contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding text using quotation marks or a similar method, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used. [3.3.3. ] may be used to indicate whether the offset passage is spoken or thought, or to characterize it more finely. Suggested values include: 1] spoken; 2] thought; 3] written; 4] soCalled; 5] foreign; 6] distinct; 7] term; 8] emph; 9] mentioned representation of speech representation of thought, e.g. internal monologue quotation from a written source authorial distance linguistically distinct technical term rhetorically emphasized refering to itself, not its normal referent (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. [3.3.3. 4.3.1. 9.3.5.1. ] marks words or phrases mentioned, not used. [3.3.3. ] contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics. [3.3.3. ] (description) contains a brief description of the object documented by its parent element, including its intended usage, purpose, or application where this is appropriate. [22.4.1. ] identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase. [3.3.4. 22.4.1. ] contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term. [3.3.4. ] (Latin for thus or so ) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate. [3.4.1. ] (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text. [3.4.1. ] groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text. [3.4. ] (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense. [3.4.2. 12. ] (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected. [3.4.2. 12. ] (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible. [3.4.3. ] gives the reason for omission. Sample values include sampling, inaudible, irrelevant, cancelled. in the case of text omitted from the transcription because of deliberate deletion by an identifiable hand, indicates the hand which made the deletion. in the case of text omitted because of damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified. Sample values include: 1] rubbing; 2] mildew; 3] smoke (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the source text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector. [3.4.3. ] (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector. [3.4.3. ] contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source. [11.3.3.1. 3.4.3. ] indicates why the material is hard to transcribe. Where the difficulty in transcription arises from action (partial deletion, etc.) assignable to an identifiable hand, signifies the hand responsible for the action. Where the difficulty in transcription arises from damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified. Sample values include: 1] rubbing; 2] mildew; 3] smoke (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. [3.5.1. ] (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string. [13.2.1. 3.5.1. ] (electronic mail address) contains an e-mail address identifying a location to which e-mail messages can be delivered. [3.5.2. ] contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual. [3.5.2. 2.2.4. 3.11.2.4. ] (address line) contains one line of a postal address. [3.5.2. 2.2.4. 3.11.2.4. ] contains a full street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located. [3.5.2. ] (postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail. [3.5.2. ] (postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address. [3.5.2. ] (number) contains a number, written in any form. [3.5.3. ] indicates the type of numeric value. Suggested values include: 1] cardinal; 2] ordinal; 3] fraction; 4] percentage absolute number, e.g. 21, 21.5 ordinal number, e.g. 21st fraction, e.g. one half or three-quarters a percentage supplies the value of the number in standard form. contains a word or phrase referring to some quantity of an object or commodity, usually comprising a number, a unit, and a commodity name. [3.5.3. ] specifies the type of measurement in any convenient typology. (measure group) contains a group of dimensional specifications which relate to the same object, for example the height and width of a manuscript page. [10.3.4. ] contains a date in any format. [3.5.4. 2.2.4. 2.5. 3.11.2.4. 15.2.3. 13.3.6. ] contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format. [3.5.4. ] (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort. [3.5.5. ] allows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology. (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation. [3.5.5. ] (pointer) defines a pointer to another location. [3.6. 16.1. ] (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment. [3.6. 16.1. ] (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list. [3.7. ] describes the form of the list. Suggested values include: 1] ordered; 2] bulleted; 3] simple; 4] gloss list items are numbered or lettered. list items are marked with a bullet or other typographic device. list items are not numbered or bulleted. each list item glosses some term or concept, which is given by a label element preceding the list item. contains one component of a list. [3.7. 2.5. ] contains any label or heading used to identify part of a text, typically but not exclusively in a list or glossary. [3.7. ] (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc. [4.2.1. ] (heading for list labels) contains the heading for the label or term column in a glossary list or similar structured list. [3.7. ] (heading for list items) contains the heading for the item or gloss column in a glossary list or similar structured list. [3.7. ] contains a note or annotation. [3.8.1. 2.2.6. 3.11.2.8. 9.3.5.4. ] indicates whether the copy text shows the exact place of reference for the note. points to the end of the span to which the note is attached, if the note is not embedded in the text at that point. (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose. [3.8.2. ] a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see ), supplying a name to specify which index (of several) the index entry belongs to. indicates the location of any form of external media such as an audio or video clip etc. [3.9. ] (MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type indicates the location of an inline graphic, illustration, or figure. [3.9. ] provides encoded binary data representing an inline graphic, audio, video or other object. [3.9. ] The encoding used to encode the binary data. If not specified, this is assumed to be Base64. marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element. [3.10.3. ] (gathering begins) marks the point in a transcribed codex at which a new gathering or quire begins. [3.10.3. ] (page break) marks the start of a new page in a paginated document. [3.10.3. ] (line break) marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text. [3.10.3. 7.2.5. ] (column break) marks the beginning of a new column of a text on a multi-column page. [3.10.3. ] (analytic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. an article or poem) published within a monograph or journal and not as an independent publication. [3.11.2.1. ] (monographic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. a book or journal) published as an independent item (i.e. as a separate physical object). [3.11.2.1. ] (series information) contains information about the series in which a book or other bibliographic item has appeared. [3.11.2.1. ] in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority. [3.11.2.2. 2.2.1. ] contains a secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. [3.11.2.2. ] (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work. [3.11.2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.5. ] (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work. [3.11.2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.5. ] contains a title for any kind of work. [3.11.2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.5. ] classifies the title according to some convenient typology. Sample values include: 1] main; 2] sub; 3] alt; 4] short; 5] desc indicates the bibliographic level for a title, that is, whether it identifies an article, book, journal, series, or unpublished material. (analytic) the title applies to an analytic item, such as an article, poem, or other work published as part of a larger item. (monographic) the title applies to a monograph such as a book or other item considered to be a distinct publication, including single volumes of multi-volume works (journal) the title applies to any serial or periodical publication such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper (series) the title applies to a series of otherwise distinct publications such as a collection (unpublished) the title applies to any unpublished material (including theses and dissertations unless published by a commercial press) contains the formalized descriptive title for a meeting or conference, for use in a bibliographic description for an item derived from such a meeting, or as a heading or preamble to publications emanating from it. [3.11.2.2. ] groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.11.2.4. ] provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.11.2.4. 2.2.4. ] (scope of bibliographic reference) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work. [3.11.2.4. ] identifies the type of information conveyed by the element, e.g. columns, pages, volume. Suggested values include: 1] vol; 2] issue; 3] pp; 4] ll; 5] chap; 6] part (volume) the element contains a volume number. the element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers. (pages) the element contains a page number or page range. (lines) the element contains a line number or line range. (chapter) the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title) the element identifies a part of a book or collection. (cited range) defines the range of cited content, often represented by pages or other units [3.11.2.4. ] (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published. [3.11.2.4. ] (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. [3.11.1. 2.2.7. 15.3.2. ] (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order. [3.11.1. 2.2.7. 15.3.2. ] (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. [3.11.1. 2.2.7. 15.3.2. ] contains or references some other bibliographic item which is related to the present one in some specified manner, for example as a constituent or alternative version of it. [3.11.2.7. ] points to the related bibliographic element by means of an absolute or relative URI reference (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse. [3.12.1. 3.12. 7.2.5. ] (line group) contains one or more verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc. [3.12.1. 3.12. 7.2.5. ] (speech) contains an individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text. [3.12.2. 3.12. 7.2.2. ] contains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment. [3.12.2. ] (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment. [3.12.2. 3.12. 7.2.4. ] indicates the kind of stage direction. Suggested values include: 1] setting; 2] entrance; 3] exit; 4] business; 5] novelistic; 6] delivery; 7] modifier; 8] location; 9] mixed describes a setting. describes an entrance. describes an exit. describes stage business. is a narrative, motivating stage direction. describes how a character speaks. gives some detail about a character. describes a location. more than one of the above contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text. [4. 15.1. ] The version of the TEI scheme (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear. [3.8.2. ] specifies what type of generated text division (e.g. index, table of contents, etc.) is to appear. Sample values include: 1] index; 2] toc; 3] figlist; 4] tablist (text language) describes the languages and writing systems identified within the bibliographic work being described, rather than its description. [3.11.2.4. 10.6.6. ] (main language) supplies a code which identifies the chief language used in the bibliographic work. (other languages) one or more codes identifying any other languages used in the bibliographic work. (TEI header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant text. [2.1.1. 15.1. ] specifies the kind of document to which the header is attached, for example whether it is a corpus or individual text. Sample values include: 1] text; 2] corpus (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file. [2.2. 2.1.1. ] (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its content. [2.2.1. 2.2. ] specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution. [2.2.1. ] (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text. [2.2.1. ] (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text. [2.2.1. ] (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text. [2.2.2. 2.2. ] (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text. [2.2.2. ] describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units. [2.2.3. 2.2. 3.11.2.4. 10.7.1. ] (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. [2.2.4. 2.2. ] supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text. [2.2.4. ] (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making a work available, other than a publisher or distributor. [2.2.4. ] (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way. [2.2.4. 2.2.5. 3.11.2.4. ] categorizes the identifier, for example as an ISBN, Social Security number, etc. supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc. [2.2.4. ] supplies a code identifying the current availability of the text. the text is freely available. the status of the text is unknown. the text is not freely available. contains information about a licence or other legal agreement applicable to the text. [2.2.4. ] (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs. [2.2.5. 2.2. ] (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description. [2.2.6. 2.2. ] (source description) describes the source from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as "born digital" for a text which has no previous existence. [2.2.7. ] (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present. [3.11.1. 2.2. 2.2.7. 15.3.2. ] (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived. [2.3. 2.1.1. ] (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. [2.3.1. 2.3. 15.3.2. ] (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection. [2.3.2. 2.3. 15.3.2. ] (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text. [2.3.3. 2.3. 15.3.2. ] (correction principles) states how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] indicates the degree of correction applied to the text. the text has been thoroughly checked and proofread. the text has been checked at least once. the text has not been checked. the correction status of the text is unknown. indicates the method adopted to indicate corrections within the text. corrections have been made silently corrections have been represented using markup indicates the extent of normalization or regularization of the original source carried out in converting it to electronic form. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] indicates a bibliographic description or other resource documenting the principles underlying the normalization carried out. indicates the method adopted to indicate normalizations within the text. normalization made silently normalization represented using markup specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to quotation marks in the original. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] (quotation marks) indicates whether or not quotation marks have been retained as content within the text. no quotation marks have been retained some quotation marks have been retained all quotation marks have been retained specifies how quotation marks are indicated within the text. summarizes the way in which hyphenation in a source text has been treated in an encoded version of it. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] (end-of-line) indicates whether or not end-of-line hyphenation has been retained in a text. all end-of-line hyphenation has been retained, even though the lineation of the original may not have been. end-of-line hyphenation has been retained in some cases. all soft end-of-line hyphenation has been removed: any remaining end-of-line hyphenation should be retained. all end-of-line hyphenation has been removed: any remaining hyphenation occurred within the line. describes the principles according to which the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] (standard values) specifies the format used when standardized date or number values are supplied. [2.3.3. 15.3.2. ] describes the scope of any analytic or interpretive information added to the text in addition to the transcription. [2.3.3. ] (tagging declaration) provides detailed information about the tagging applied to a document. [2.3.4. 2.3. ] supplies information about the usage of a specific element within a text. [2.3.4. ] (generic identifier) specifies the name (generic identifier) of the element indicated by the tag, within the namespace indicated by the parent namespace element. specifies the number of occurrences of this element within the text. (with unique identifier) specifies the number of occurrences of this element within the text which bear a distinct value for the global xml:id attribute. specifies the identifier of a rendition element which defines how this element was rendered in the source text. supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements documented by its children belong. [2.3.4. ] specifies the full formal name of the namespace concerned. supplies information about the rendition or appearance of one or more elements in the source text. [2.3.4. ] where CSS is used, provides a way of defining pseudo-elements, that is, styling rules applicable to specific sub-portions of an element. Sample values include: 1] first-line; 2] first-letter; 3] before; 4] after (style definition language declaration) specifies the name of the formal language in which style or renditional information is supplied elsewhere in the document. The specific version of the scheme may also be supplied. [2.3.5. ] (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text. [2.3.6.3. 2.3. 2.3.6. ] (canonical reference pattern) specifies an expression and replacement pattern for transforming a canonical reference into a URI. [2.3.6.3. 2.3.6. 2.3.6.2. ] specifies a regular expression against which the values of other attributes can be matched. specifies a replacement pattern, that is, the skeleton of a relative or absolute URI containing references to groups in the matchPattern which, once subpattern substitution has been performed, complete the URI. (prefixing scheme used in data.pointer values) defines a prefixing scheme used in data.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using the scheme may be expanded into full URIs. [16.2.3. ] supplies a name which functions as the prefix for an abbreviated pointing scheme such as a private URI scheme. The prefix constitutes the text preceding the first colon. (list of prefix definitions) contains a list of definitions of prefixing schemes used in data.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using each scheme may be expanded into full URIs. [16.2.3. ] (reference state) specifies one component of a canonical reference defined by the milestone method. [2.3.6.3. 2.3.6. ] specifies the fixed length of the reference component. (delimiter) supplies a delimiting string following the reference component. (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text. [2.3.7. 2.3. ] defines a typology either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy. [2.3.7. ] contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy. [2.3.7. ] (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc. [2.3.7. ] (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document. [2.3.8. ] supplies a commonly used code name for the datum employed. Suggested values include: 1] WGS84; 2] MGRS; 3] OSGB36; 4] ED50 (World Geodetic System) a pair of numbers to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the World Geodetic System. (Military Grid Reference System) the values supplied are geospatial entity object codes, based on (ordnance survey great britain) the value supplied is to be interpreted as a British National Grid Reference. (European Datum coordinate system) the value supplied is to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the European Datum coordinate system. (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file. [2.3.10. ] provides information about an application which has acted upon the document. [2.3.10. ] supplies an identifier for the application, independent of its version number or display name. supplies a version number for the application, independent of its identifier or display name. (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting. [2.4. 2.1.1. ] contains a summary or formal abstract prefixed to an existing source document by the encoder. [2.4.4. ] contains information about the creation of a text. [2.4.1. 2.4. ] (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text. [2.4.2. 2.4. 15.3.2. ] characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text. [2.4.2. ] (identifier) Supplies a language code constructed as defined in BCP 47 which is used to identify the language documented by this element, and which is referenced by the global xml:lang attribute. specifies the approximate percentage (by volume) of the text which uses this language. (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc. [2.4.3. ] contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text. [2.4.3. ] identifies the controlled vocabulary within which the set of keywords concerned is defined identifies the classification scheme within which the set of categories concerned is defined, for example by a taxonomy element, or by some other resource. (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system. [2.4.3. ] identifies the classification system in use, as defined by for example by a taxonomy element, or some other resource.. (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology. [2.4.3. ] identifies the classification scheme within which the set of categories concerned is defined, for example by a taxonomy element, or by some other resource. (calendar description) contains a description of the calendar system used in any dating expression found in the text. [2.4. 2.4.5. ] describes a calendar or dating system used in a dating formula in the text. [2.4.5. ] (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file. [2.5. 2.1.1. ] documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file. [2.5. 2.4.1. ] points to one or more elements that belong to this change. groups a number of change descriptions associated with either the creation of a source text or the revision of an encoded text. [2.5. 11.7. ] indicates whether the ordering of its child change elements is to be considered significant or not (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, comprising a TEI header and a text, either in isolation or as part of a teiCorpus element. [4. 15.1. ] specifies the major version number of the TEI Guidelines against which this document is valid. contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample. [4. 15.1. ] (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. [4. ] contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc. [4. 4.3.1. 15.1. ] contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, which interrupts the text containing it at any point and after which the surrounding text resumes. [4.3.2. ] (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1. ] (level-1 text division) contains a first-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-2 text division) contains a second-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-3 text division) contains a third-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-4 text division) contains a fourth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-5 text division) contains a fifth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-6 text division) contains a sixth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. ] (level-7 text division) contains the smallest possible subdivision of the front, body or back of a text, larger than a paragraph. [4.1.2. ] contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text. [4.2.4. 4.2. ] contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work. [4.2.2. 4.5. ] contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer. [4.2.2. ] contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text. [4.2. 4.6. ] contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page. [4.2.3. 4.2. 4.6. ] groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter. [4.2. ] groups together salutations, datelines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter. [4.2.2. 4.2. ] (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc. [4.2.2. ] (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text. [4.2.2. ] contains a postscript, e.g. to a letter. [4.2. ] (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter. [4.6. ] classifies the title page according to any convenient typology. (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page. [4.6. ] contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page. [4.6. ] specifies the role of this subdivision of the title. Suggested values include: 1] main; 2] sub; 3] alt; 4] short; 5] desc main title of the work (subordinate) subtitle of the work (alternate) alternative title of the work abbreviated form of title (descriptive) descriptive paraphrase of the work (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline). [4.6. ] contains a formal statement authorizing the publication of a work, sometimes required to appear on a title page or its verso. [4.6. ] (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document. [4.6. ] (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page. [4.6. ] (document date) contains the date of a document, as given on a title page or in a dateline. [4.6. ] gives the value of the date in standard form, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD. (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body. [4.6. 4. ] (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text. [4.7. 4. ] (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text. [8.2. 2.2.7. 15.3.2. ] (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text. [8.2. 2.2.7. ] (recording event) provides details of an audio or video recording event used as the source of a spoken text, either directly or from a public broadcast. [8.2. 15.3.2. ] the kind of recording. audio recording audio and video recording provides technical details of the equipment and media used for an audio or video recording used as the source for a spoken text. [8.2. 15.3.2. ] describes a broadcast used as the source of a spoken text. [8.2. 15.3.2. ] (utterance) contains a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker. [8.3.1. ] (transition) indicates the nature of the transition between this utterance and the previous one. this utterance begins without unusual pause or rapidity. this utterance begins with a markedly shorter pause than normal. this utterance begins before the previous one has finished. this utterance begins after a noticeable pause. marks a pause either between or within utterances. [8.3.2. ] marks any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc. [8.3.3. ] indicates whether or not the phenomenon is repeated. marks any communicative phenomenon, not necessarily vocalized, for example a gesture, frown, etc. [8.3.3. ] indicates whether or not the phenomenon is repeated. marks any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication. [8.3.3. ] contains a passage of written text revealed to participants in the course of a spoken text. [8.3.4. ] indicates whether the writing is revealed all at once or gradually. marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes. [8.3.6. ] a paralinguistic feature. speed of utterance. loudness. pitch range. tension or stress pattern. rhythmic qualities. voice quality. specifies the new state of the paralinguistic feature specified. supplies the value of a date or time in some standard form. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in some custom standard form. specifies the latest possible date for the event in some custom standard form. indicates the starting point of the period in some standard form. indicates the ending point of the period in some standard form. supplies a pointer to some location defining a named point in time with reference to which the datable item is understood to have occurred supplies a pointer to a calendar element or other means of interpreting the values of the custom dating attributes. (organization name) contains an organizational name. [13.2.2. ] (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc. [13.2.1. ] contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name. [13.2.1. ] contains a forename, given or baptismal name. [13.2.1. ] (generational name component) contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named. [13.2.1. ] (name link) contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as van der or of. [13.2.1. ] (additional name) contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name. [13.2.1. ] contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank. [13.2.1. ] contains an absolute or relative place name. [13.2.3. ] (bloc) contains the name of a geo-political unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries. [13.2.3. ] (country) contains the name of a geo-political unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc. [13.2.3. ] contains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country. [13.2.3. ] contains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit. [13.2.3. ] contains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geo-political or administrative unit. [13.2.3. ] marks that part of a relative temporal or spatial expression which indicates the direction of the offset between the two place names, dates, or times involved in the expression. [13.2.3. ] (geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai. [13.2.3. ] (geographical feature name) contains a common noun identifying some geographical feature contained within a geographic name, such as valley, mount, etc. [13.2.3. ] (affiliation) contains an informal description of a person's present or past affiliation with some organization, for example an employer or sponsor. [15.2.2. ] (age) specifies the age of a person. [13.3.2.1. ] supplies a numeric code representing the age or age group (birth) contains information about a person's birth, such as its date and place. [15.2.2. ] (climate) contains information about the physical climate of a place. [13.3.4.3. ] (death) contains information about a person's death, such as its date and place. [15.2.2. ] contains a description of the educational experience of a person. [15.2.2. ] (event) contains data relating to any kind of significant event associated with a person, place, or organization. [13.3.1. ] indicates the location of an event by pointing to a place element specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person. [13.3.2.1. ] contains information about a person's period of activity. [13.3.2.1. ] (geographical coordinates) contains any expression of a set of geographic coordinates, representing a point, line, or area on the surface of the earth in some notation. [13.3.4.1. ] (language knowledge) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic knowledge, either as prose or by a list of langKnown elements. [13.3.2.1. ] supplies one or more valid language tags for the languages specified (language known) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic competence, i.e., knowledge of a single language. [15.2.2. ] supplies a valid language tag for the language concerned. a code indicating the person's level of knowledge for this language (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization. [13.2.2. ] (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event. [13.3.1. ] (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source. [13.3.2. 15.2. 2.4. 15.3.2. ] (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them. [2.2.7. 13.3.4. ] defines the location of a place as a set of geographical coordinates, in terms of other named geo-political entities, or as an address. [13.3.4. ] contains an informal description of a person's present or past nationality or citizenship. [15.2.2. ] contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation. [15.2.2. ] indicates the classification system or taxonomy in use, for example by supplying the identifier of a taxonomy element, or pointing to some other resource. identifies an occupation code defined within the classification system or taxonomy defined by the scheme attribute. (organization) provides information about an identifiable organization such as a business, a tribe, or any other grouping of people. [13.2.2. ] specifies a primary role or classification for the organization. provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links. [13.3.2.3. ] (relation group) provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links. [13.3.2.3. ] provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source. [13.3.2. 15.2.2. ] specifies a primary role or classification for the person. specifies the sex of the person. specifies an age group for the person. (personal group) describes a group of individuals treated as a single person for analytic purposes. [15.2.2. ] specifies the role of this group of participants in the interaction. specifies the sex of the participant group. specifies the age group of the participants. describes informally the size or approximate size of the group for example by means of a number and an indication of accuracy e.g. approx 200. contains data about a geographic location [13.3.4. ] contains information about the population of a place. [13.3.4.3. ] (relationship) describes any kind of relationship or linkage amongst a specified group of places, events, persons, objects or other items. [13.3.2.3. ] categorizes the relationship in some respect, e.g. as social, personal or other. Suggested values include: 1] social; 2] personal; 3] other relationship concerned with social roles relationship concerned with personal roles, e.g. kinship, marriage, etc. other kinds of relationship supplies a name for the kind of relationship of which this is an instance. identifies the active participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one. supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally. identifies the passive participants in a non-mutual relationship. (residence) describes a person's present or past places of residence. [15.2.2. ] specifies the sex of a person. [13.3.2.1. ] supplies a coded value for sex (socio-economic status) contains an informal description of a person's perceived social or economic status. [15.2.2. ] identifies the classification system or taxonomy in use, for example by pointing to a locally-defined taxonomy element or by supplying a URI for an externally-defined system. identifies a status code defined within the classification system or taxonomy defined by the scheme attribute. contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range. [13.3.1. 13.3.2.1. 13.3.2.1. ] contains information about the physical terrain of a place. [13.3.4.3. ] contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range. [13.3.1. 13.3.2.1. 13.3.2.1. ] (canonical name) contains the definition for a canonical name or name component of any kind. [13.3.5. ] points to constituent nyms (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing. [13.3.5. ] supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the starting point of the period in standard form. indicates the ending point of the period in standard form. defines an association or hypertextual link among elements or passages, of some type not more precisely specifiable by other elements. [16.1. ] (link group) defines a collection of associations or hypertextual links. [16.1. ] (anonymous block) contains any arbitrary component-level unit of text, acting as an anonymous container for phrase or inter level elements analogous to, but without the semantic baggage of, a paragraph. [16.3. ] (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element. [8.4.2. 16.4. ] (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the chunk level. [16.3. 6.2. 7.2.5. ] indicates a point in time either relative to other elements in the same timeline tag, or absolutely. [16.5.2. ] supplies an absolute value for the time. specifies the unit of time in which the interval value is expressed, if this is not inherited from the parent timeline. Suggested values include: 1] d; 2] h; 3] min; 4] s; 5] ms (days) (hours) (minutes) (seconds) (milliseconds) specifies a time interval either as a number or as one of the keywords defined by the datatype data.interval identifies the reference point for determining the time of the current when element, which is obtained by adding the interval to the time of the reference point. (timeline) provides a set of ordered points in time which can be linked to elements of a spoken text to create a temporal alignment of that text. [16.5.2. ] designates the origin of the timeline, i.e. the time at which it begins. specifies the unit of time corresponding to the interval value of the timeline or of its constituent points in time. Suggested values include: 1] d; 2] h; 3] min; 4] s; 5] ms (days) (hours) (minutes) (seconds) (milliseconds) specifies a time interval either as a positive integral value or using one of a set of predefined codes. identifies a possibly fragmented segment of text, by pointing at the possibly discontiguous elements which compose it. [16.7. ] specifies the name of an element which this aggregation may be understood to represent. indicates whether the targets to be joined include the entire element indicated (the entire subtree including its root), or just the children of the target (the branches of the subtree). the rooted subtrees indicated by the targets attribute are joined, each subtree become a child of the virtual element created by the join the children of the subtrees indicated by the targets attribute become the children of the virtual element (i.e. the roots of the subtrees are discarded) (join group) groups a collection of join elements and possibly pointers. [16.7. ] supplies the default value for the result on each join included within the group. (alternation) identifies an alternation or a set of choices among elements or passages. [16.8. ] specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References states whether the alternations gathered in this collection are exclusive or inclusive. (exclusive) indicates that the alternation is exclusive, i.e. that at most one of the alternatives occurs. (inclusive) indicates that the alternation is not exclusive, i.e. that one or more of the alternatives occur. If mode is , each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs. If mode is incl each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs given that at least one of the other alternatives occurs. (alternation group) groups a collection of alt elements and possibly pointers. [16.8. ] states whether the alternations gathered in this collection are exclusive or inclusive. (exclusive) indicates that the alternation is exclusive, i.e. that at most one of the alternatives occurs. (inclusive) indicates that the alternation is not exclusive, i.e. that one or more of the alternatives occur. (corresponds) points to elements that correspond to the current element in some way. (synchronous) points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. points to an element that is the same as the current element. points to an element of which the current element is a copy. points to the next element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part. (previous) points to the previous element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part. points to elements that are in exclusive alternation with the current element. selects one or more alternants; if one alternant is selected, the ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as resolved. If more than one alternant is selected, the degree of ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as reduced by the number of alternants not selected. (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters. [15.2.1. ] (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata. [15.2. ] (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata. [15.2. 2.4. ] (primary channel) describes the medium or channel by which a text is delivered or experienced. For a written text, this might be print, manuscript, e-mail, etc.; for a spoken one, radio, telephone, face-to-face, etc. [15.2.1. ] specifies the mode of this channel with respect to speech and writing. (spoken) (written) (spoken to be written) e.g. dictation (written to be spoken) e.g. a script (mixed) (unknown or inapplicable) describes the internal composition of a text or text sample, for example as fragmentary, complete, etc. [15.2.1. ] specifies how the text was constituted. a single complete text a text made by combining several smaller items, each individually complete (fragments) a text made by combining several smaller, not necessarily complete, items composition unknown or unspecified describes the nature and extent of originality of this text. [15.2.1. ] categorizes the derivation of the text. Sample values include: 1] original; 2] revision; 3] translation; 4] abridgment; 5] plagiarism; 6] traditional (domain of use) describes the most important social context in which the text was realized or for which it is intended, for example private vs. public, education, religion, etc. [15.2.1. ] categorizes the domain of use. Sample values include: 1] art; 2] domestic; 3] religious; 4] business; 5] education; 6] govt; 7] public describes the extent to which the text may be regarded as imaginative or non-imaginative, that is, as describing a fictional or a non-fictional world. [15.2.1. ] categorizes the factuality of the text. the text is to be regarded as entirely imaginative the text is to be regarded as entirely informative or factual the text contains a mixture of fact and fiction the fiction/fact distinction is not regarded as helpful or appropriate to this text describes the extent, cardinality and nature of any interaction among those producing and experiencing the text, for example in the form of response or interjection, commentary, etc. [15.2.1. ] specifies the degree of interaction between active and passive participants in the text. no interaction of any kind, e.g. a monologue some degree of interaction, e.g. a monologue with set responses complete interaction, e.g. a face to face conversation this parameter is inappropriate or inapplicable in this case specifies the number of active participants (or addressors) producing parts of the text. Suggested values include: 1] singular; 2] plural; 3] corporate; 4] unknown a single addressor many addressors a corporate addressor number of addressors unknown or unspecifiable specifies the number of passive participants (or addressees) to whom a text is directed or in whose presence it is created or performed. Suggested values include: 1] self; 2] single; 3] many; 4] group; 5] world text is addressed to the originator e.g. a diary text is addressed to one other person e.g. a personal letter text is addressed to a countable number of others e.g. a conversation in which all participants are identified text is addressed to an undefined but fixed number of participants e.g. a lecture text is addressed to an undefined and indeterminately large number e.g. a published book describes the extent to which a text may be regarded as prepared or spontaneous. [15.2.1. ] a keyword characterizing the type of preparedness. Sample values include: 1] none; 2] scripted; 3] formulaic; 4] revised characterizes a single purpose or communicative function of the text. [15.2.1. ] specifies a particular kind of purpose. Suggested values include: 1] persuade; 2] express; 3] inform; 4] entertain didactic, advertising, propaganda, etc. self expression, confessional, etc. convey information, educate, etc. amuse, entertain, etc. specifies the extent to which this purpose predominates. describes one particular setting in which a language interaction takes place. [15.2.3. ] contains a brief informal description of the kind of place concerned, for example: a room, a restaurant, a park bench, etc. [15.2.3. ] contains a brief informal description of what a participant in a language interaction is doing other than speaking, if anything. [15.2.3. ]